Invalid provider type specified

I have a virtualized CRM 2016 lab environment with a full server deployment (CRM, ADDS, DNS, IIS, SQL on the same Hyper-V machine) and a separate ADFS Hyper-V machine running on Windows Server 2016 on my local machine. I am using a self-signed wildcard certificate.

I am receiving this error when I navigate to the CRM endpoint (metadata URL) after configuring claims-based authentication.

The XML page cannot be displayed

Cannot view XML input using style sheet. Please correct the error and then click the Refresh button, or try again later.

The download of the specified resource has failed. Error processing resource 'internalcrm.crmdomain.com/federationm...

When I click on Refresh, the following page loads: